Journal: Plants

Article Title: Global Transcriptome Analysis of the Peach ( Prunus persica ) in the Interaction System of Fruit–Chitosan– Monilinia fructicola

doi: 10.3390/plants13050567

Figure Lengend Snippet: Disease severity of peach fruits against M. fructicola . ( A ) Brown rot symptoms of peach fruits with (CHI_MF) and without (MF) chitosan pre-treatment at 12, 24, and 48 HAI. Peach fruits treated only with chitosan (CHI) and untreated–mock-inoculated (CT) fruits were used as control groups (scale bar: 30 mm). ( B ) Lesion area (cm 2 ) on untreated peach fruits after inoculation with M. fructicola (MF) and on peach fruits inoculated with M. fructicola after chitosan pre-treatment (CHI_MF). Bars represent the mean of 3 biological replicates ± standard deviation after t -test analysis. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences between MF and CHI_MF treatments at each inoculation time point ( p < 0.01).

Article Snippet: Several TF-encoding genes belonging to different families were strongly induced in peach fruits infected with M. fructicola (MF-CT, CHI_MF-CT comparison groups), mostly at 24 HAI and 48 HAI.

Techniques: Control, Standard Deviation

Journal: Plants

Article Title: Global Transcriptome Analysis of the Peach ( Prunus persica ) in the Interaction System of Fruit–Chitosan– Monilinia fructicola

doi: 10.3390/plants13050567

Figure Lengend Snippet: Determination of physiological indexes of peach fruits with chitosan (CHI), M. fructicola (MF), both chitosan and M. fructicola (CHI_MF), and untreated–mock-inoculated (CT) treatments across three time points. ( A ) Total flavonoids, ( B ) total phenolics, ( C ) lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances; TBARS), and ( D ) hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). Bars indicate the mean values of three biological replicates ± standard deviations. A statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test ( p < 0.05). Different letters indicate statistical differences among treatments at all time points.

Article Snippet: Several TF-encoding genes belonging to different families were strongly induced in peach fruits infected with M. fructicola (MF-CT, CHI_MF-CT comparison groups), mostly at 24 HAI and 48 HAI.

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: Plants

Article Title: Global Transcriptome Analysis of the Peach ( Prunus persica ) in the Interaction System of Fruit–Chitosan– Monilinia fructicola

doi: 10.3390/plants13050567

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Gene number of up/downregulated DEGs among the three different comparison groups (CHI–CT, MF–CT, CHI_MF–CT) at 12, 24, and 48 HAI. ( B ) Venn diagram showing DEGs commonly regulated across the three time points for each comparison group; CHI: chitosan-treated fruits, MF: M. fructicola -inoculated fruits, CHI_MF: chitosan-pre-treated and M. fructicola -inoculated fruits, CT: untreated–mock-inoculated fruits.

Article Snippet: Several TF-encoding genes belonging to different families were strongly induced in peach fruits infected with M. fructicola (MF-CT, CHI_MF-CT comparison groups), mostly at 24 HAI and 48 HAI.

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: Plants

Article Title: Global Transcriptome Analysis of the Peach ( Prunus persica ) in the Interaction System of Fruit–Chitosan– Monilinia fructicola

doi: 10.3390/plants13050567

Figure Lengend Snippet: Classification of the peach fruits DEGs in KEGG pathways across the three comparison groups, after chitosan treatment or M. fructicola inoculation, either individually or in combination, at three time points (12, 24 and 48 HAI). The counts of the DEGs being annotated in the corresponding pathways are depicted.

Article Snippet: Several TF-encoding genes belonging to different families were strongly induced in peach fruits infected with M. fructicola (MF-CT, CHI_MF-CT comparison groups), mostly at 24 HAI and 48 HAI.

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: Plants

Article Title: Global Transcriptome Analysis of the Peach ( Prunus persica ) in the Interaction System of Fruit–Chitosan– Monilinia fructicola

doi: 10.3390/plants13050567

Figure Lengend Snippet: Selection of key DEGs upregulated (Up) and downregulated (Down) in peach fruit after application of chitosan (CHI), inoculation with M. fructicola (MF), or in combination (CHI_MF) in comparison to control (CT) treatment. For each gene category, the numbers of differentially expressed transcripts are reported.

Article Snippet: Several TF-encoding genes belonging to different families were strongly induced in peach fruits infected with M. fructicola (MF-CT, CHI_MF-CT comparison groups), mostly at 24 HAI and 48 HAI.

Techniques: Selection, Comparison, Control

Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials

Article Title: Engineered Curli Nanofilaments as a Self‐Adjuvanted Antigen Delivery Platform

doi: 10.1002/adhm.202300224

Figure Lengend Snippet: CsgA‐based assemblies activate TLR2 and induce IL‐1 β secretion independently of cell death. A) TLR2‐TLR1 stimulation by CsgA assemblies. HEK‐Blue cells expressing the heterodimer TLR2‐TLR1 were exposed to nanofilaments for 16 h and activation was measured using SEAP reporter. B) J774.A1 murine macrophages were incubated for 16 h with nanofilaments and levels of IL‐1 β in the supernatant were measured by ELISA. C,D) Viability of J774.A1 macrophages upon treatment with CsgA‐based nanofilaments. (C) Cells were treated with nanofilaments for 16 h and metabolic activity was measured by resazurin reduction. (D) Representative fluorescence microscopy images showing the distribution of live (green) and dead (red) J774.A1 cells after treatment with 30 µg mL −1 of nanofilaments for 16 h. Scale bar: 100 µm. (A–C) n = 3 to 5 per group, data represent the mean ± S.D. and statistical significance was analyzed with a one‐way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons tests (** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001).

Article Snippet: One‐way or two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's multiple‐comparison test, or log‐rank Mantel‐Cox test (> two groups) was used to compare unpaired values (GraphPad software), as stated in the corresponding figure legends.

Techniques: Expressing, Activation Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Activity Assay, Fluorescence, Microscopy

Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials

Article Title: Engineered Curli Nanofilaments as a Self‐Adjuvanted Antigen Delivery Platform

doi: 10.1002/adhm.202300224

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cellular uptake of CsgA nanofilaments by APCs and maturation of DCs. Internalization by A,B) DC2.4 dendritic cells and A,C) J774.A1 macrophages analyzed by (A) confocal microscopy and (B,C) flow cytometry. (A–C) Cells were treated with 5 (B,C) and/or 30 µg mL −1 (A–C) for 3 h with eGFP‐R4R5 nanofilaments or eGFP followed by extensive washing. For flow cytometry, trypan blue was added immediately before analysis. D) Flow cytometry analysis of DC2.4 cells following treatment with CsgA‐based assemblies for 16 h. Fold expression is determined relative to the PBS vehicle control. (B‐D) n = 3 to 5 per group, data represent the mean ± S.D., and statistical significance was analyzed with a one‐way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons tests (* P < 0.05; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: One‐way or two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's multiple‐comparison test, or log‐rank Mantel‐Cox test (> two groups) was used to compare unpaired values (GraphPad software), as stated in the corresponding figure legends.

Techniques: Confocal Microscopy, Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Control

Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials

Article Title: Engineered Curli Nanofilaments as a Self‐Adjuvanted Antigen Delivery Platform

doi: 10.1002/adhm.202300224

Figure Lengend Snippet: Intramuscular immunization with 3Me2‐R4R5 nanofilaments induces a robust anti‐M2e antibody response and protects mice against IAV infection. A–E) Mice were immunized intramuscularly with 18 µg of 3M2e (with or without 50% (v/v) Alum), 30 µg of 3M2e‐R4R5, or 50 µg of 3M2e‐CsgA. (A) Weight loss after primary immunization. (B–D) Total anti‐M2e IgG in mice sera 14 days after (B) primary immunization, (C) 1st boost, and (D) 2nd boost. (A–D) Statistical significance between groups was established using one‐way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons tests (** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001). (E) Two weeks after the 3rd immunization, mice were inoculated intranasally with 5× LD 50 of IAV H1N1. Mice were monitored daily to evaluate weight loss and clinical scores. n = 8 or 12 per group, data represent mean ± S.E.M. and statistical significance was obtained following a log‐rank Mentel‐Cox test (**** P < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: One‐way or two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's multiple‐comparison test, or log‐rank Mantel‐Cox test (> two groups) was used to compare unpaired values (GraphPad software), as stated in the corresponding figure legends.

Techniques: Infection

Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials

Article Title: Engineered Curli Nanofilaments as a Self‐Adjuvanted Antigen Delivery Platform

doi: 10.1002/adhm.202300224

Figure Lengend Snippet: 3M2e‐R4R5 nanofilaments induce a robust M2e‐specific cellular immune response. A) M2e‐specific IgG isotypes in mice sera following the 3rd immunization. B) IFN γ and IL‐4 ELISpot analysis of ex vivo splenocytes stimulated for 36 h with 2 µg of M2e peptide. C) ELISA analysis of IFN γ and IL‐4 secretion by splenocytes stimulated for 72 h with M2e peptide. Data represent mean ± S.E.M. (A) n = 8 per group. (B,C) n = 4 per group. (A–C) Statistical significance was obtained following one‐way ANOVA analysis with Tukey's multiple comparisons tests (* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: One‐way or two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's multiple‐comparison test, or log‐rank Mantel‐Cox test (> two groups) was used to compare unpaired values (GraphPad software), as stated in the corresponding figure legends.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunospot, Ex Vivo, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials

Article Title: Engineered Curli Nanofilaments as a Self‐Adjuvanted Antigen Delivery Platform

doi: 10.1002/adhm.202300224

Figure Lengend Snippet: CsgA‐based nanofilaments do not induce apparent inflammation. A,B) Serum (A) IL‐6 and (B) TNF‐ α levels 2, 6, and 24 h after IP inoculation with 20 µ m of CsgA‐based nanofilaments, soluble 3M2e, or FljB‐3M2e. C) Percentage of initial weight and D) rectal temperature after IP inoculation. (A–D) n = 6 per group, data represent the mean ± S.D. and statistical significance was obtained following a two‐way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparison test (** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: One‐way or two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's multiple‐comparison test, or log‐rank Mantel‐Cox test (> two groups) was used to compare unpaired values (GraphPad software), as stated in the corresponding figure legends.

Techniques: Comparison